State Summary
North Dakota has only one congressional district. State lines are drawn by the legislature, as normal legislation.
In the 2010 cycle, North Dakota’s legislature enacted state legislative districts (HB 1473) on Nov. 9, 2011.
A 2020 ballot initiative attempting to change the redistricting process was rejected by the state courts, for impermissibly incorporating the text of another statute by reference. [Haugen v. Jaeger, 948 N.W.2d 1 (N.D. 2020)]
In the 2020 cycle, North Dakota Gov. Burgum signed HB 1504 into law on Nov. 11, 2021, establishing the state’s new legislative districts.
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Seats: (projected)
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Key Info for 2000 Cycle
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Primary governing law
Key Info for 2010 Cycle
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Primary governing law
Key Info for 2020 Cycle
Primary governing law
Data
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The Latest Updates
Institution
North Dakota has only one congressional district.
North Dakota state legislative lines are drawn by the state legislature, as a regular statute, subject to gubernatorial veto.
Timing
The legislature’s constitutional deadline for producing plans is the end of the first regular session after the census; that session began on Jan. 5, 2021, and is currently scheduled to end on Apr. 28, 2021. [N.D. Const. art. IV, § 2] The legislature called a special session with a Nov. 30, 2021 deadline for new redistricting plans. [H.B. 1397] In the 2011 session, the legislature also passed plans in a special legislative session, after the original statutory deadline. Candidates must file for state legislative primary elections by Apr. 11, 2022. [N.D. Code §§ 16.1-11-01, -06]
North Dakota does not appear to prohibit redrawing these lines at any point mid-decade, before the next Census. [N.D. Const. art. IV, § 2]
Public input
The legislature has not yet announced any specific plans or guidelines for public input.
Criteria
Like all states, North Dakota must comply with constitutional equal population requirements; by statute, the legislature has also required that state legislative districts be populated as nearly equally “as is practicable,” with deviations “kept at a minimum.” These latter statutory requirements may be altered by the legislature. [N.D. Const. art. IV, § 2; N.D. Code § 54-03-01.5(5)]
North Dakota must also, like all states, abide by the Voting Rights Act and constitutional rules on race.
The North Dakota constitution further requires that districts be contiguous and compact. State legislative districts are, by definition, nested; one Senator and two Representatives are elected from each district. [N.D. Const. art. IV, § 2; N.D. Code § 54-03-01.5(5)]
2010 cycle
North Dakota’s legislature enacted state legislative districts (HB 1473) on Nov. 9, 2011.
It appears that the plan was not challenged in court.
2000 cycle
North Dakota’s legislature enacted state legislative districts (SB 2456) on Nov. 30, 2001.
It appears that the plan was not challenged in court, though the ability of the legislature to truncate a sitting state Senator’s term due to redistricting was challenged in state court; the challenge was denied. [Kelsh v. Jaeger, 641 N.W.2d 100 (N.D. 2002)]
Redistricting Cases in North Dakota
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PENDING - Federal court challenge to state legislative maps as racial gerrymanders (Shaw)
No. 1:22-cv-00031-PDW-CRH
PENDING - Federal court challenge to state legislative redistricting plan on vote dilution grounds
Case No. 3:22-cv-00022-PDW-ARS
State court struck redistricting initiative from ballot b/c incorporated other statute by reference
No. 20200213 (N.D. S. Ct.)
