** This challenge was consolidated with Milligan v. Merrill, but only for preliminary injunctive claims. **

A federal court challenge to Alabama’s congressional districts as malapportioned and racially gerrymandered, later amended to allege intentional discrimination once new congressional districts were drawn in 2021.

On Jan. 24, 2022, the three-judge trial court granted a preliminary injunction to the Milligan plaintiffs on their their VRA claim, but reserved ruling on the Singleton plaintiffs’ constitutional claim; that preliminary injunction in Milligan was appealed to the Supreme Court and affirmed.

On remand, the state drew a new congressional plan on July 21, 2023; the three-judge trial court issued a preliminary injunction rejecting that plan on VRA grounds on Sept. 5, 2023, and directed a special master to draw a remedial map.  On Oct. 5, 2023, the court ordered the implementation of one of the remedial maps recommended by the special master, for the 2024 election only.

On Jan. 31, 2024, plaintiffs filed an amended complaint, alleging that the state’s 2023 enacted map violates the VRA, unjustifiably allows race to predominate, and was the product of intentional racial discrimination.  On May 8, 2025 a three-judge panel agreed that the map was a VRA violation, a holding it described as “not a close call.” The court further held that “try as we might, we cannot understand the 2023 Plan as anything other than an intentional effort to dilute Black Alabamian’s voting strength.”

Because of the finding of discriminatory intent, the court said that it would hold further proceedings to consider putting Alabama back under federal preclearance under Section 3(c) of the VRA.  The state has appealed, but subject to the resolution of that appeal, the parties have agreed that the special master’s temporary 2023 plan remedies the VRA violation and will be in place until lines are redrawn after the next Census.